Quick -- name your top two favorite jazz violinists. I'll wait while you think about it.
Every year the big jazz magazines like DownBeat and JazzTimes publish polls naming the top musicians in various instrument categories as voted on by their readers and music critics. While it's still a great recognition for the winners, nowadays you hardly even hear about the results.
However, back in the 50s and 60s, when jazz was much more important, the announcement of the poll winners was a big deal. Record labels would take out ads in the trade magazines to celebrate wins by their artists, while interviewers who wrote profiles and critics who wrote liner notes would almost always manage to work in a mention of how many times the performer had won one of the annual polls.
What's more, the winners of the various polls were often featured in special showcase concerts and would record albums together to mark their poll wins.
Historically, the awards for individual instruments have included trumpet, saxophone (with separate winners for soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone), guitar, piano, bass, drums, trombone, clarinet, flute, organ, vibes, and violin.
In terms of popularity and sheer number of releases, the major solo/lead instruments in jazz are the saxophone (all four versions), followed in some order by the piano, trumpet, and guitar. You can probably name a half dozen jazz artists for each of these instruments off the top of your head. The same goes for bass and drums. But things get a little trickier when we get to the "secondary" lead instruments like trombone, clarinet, flute, organ, vibes, and violin. So, for those of you who want to play along at home, see if you can think of two jazz musicians for each of these six secondary instruments. To make it more interesting, only include performers who have released albums featuring the instrument in their own names. Ready? Go!
How did you do? I've got J.J. Johnson and Kai Winding on trombone; Herbie Mann and Hubert Laws on flute; Lionel Hampton and Cal Tjader on vibes; Shirley Scott and Jimmy Smith on organ; Buddy DeFranco and Pee Wee Russell on clarinet, and Joe Venuti and Stephane Grappelli on violin. I promise I didn't just look those up.
While I probably could have come up with another three or four for all of the other instruments, I have to admit that for violin, Venuti and Grappelli are the only two that came to mind. All the other non-classical violinists I could think of, including Jean-Luc Ponty, Vassar Clements, Papa John Creach, Doug Kershaw, Nigel Kennedy, and Mark O'Connor, are more bluegrass, cajun, rock, pop, fusion or something else other than actual jazz musicians. While I was wracking my brain, I did remember that violin virtuoso Itzhak Perlman teamed up with Andre Previn and jazz greats Shelly Manne, Red Mitchell, and Jim Hall to make a fun, swinging jazz album called A Different Kind Of Blues in 1980 (above right). If you see it, it's definitely worth picking up. (Their 1981 follow-up, It's A Breeze, not so much.) After I finally gave up and did a quick Wikipedia search, I got a duh moment when I saw the name of the great pioneering jazz violinist Stuff Smith.Joe Venuti |
As it turns out, Stephane Grappelli (b. 1908) was first introduced to jazz violin when he heard Venuti play with Whiteman's orchestra in Paris in 1928. After working to perfect his own jazz style, Grappelli joined up with guitar great Django Reinhardt in 1934 to form the Paris-based Quintette du Hot Club de France. Until the war started in 1939 (and Grappelli fled to England), the Hot Club quintet's up-tempo, gypsy swing band was the hottest jazz act on the Continent.
Stephane Grappelli |
Venuti and Grappelli made one LP together. It was recorded in Paris in 1969 and has the somewhat awkward title of Venupelli Blues (below). (Better than Grapnuti Blues, I guess.) The record isn't the best work of either performer, but it's a fun romp through a set of (mostly) standards that sounds like it was probably a hoot to record.
If you're looking at add some jazz violin to your music collection, it shouldn't be hard. Between the two of them, Venuti and Grappelli recorded well over 200 LPs. Since Grappelli performed and recorded well into the 90s, he is much better known that Venuti. However, demand for either artist's LPs isn't high, and you can often find their records for $5 or less in used record stores. (And sometimes even in the one dollar bins on the floor.) I'm a big fan of violin jazz and gypsy swing -- it always puts me in a good mood -- so I pick up their albums whenever I see them.
Stuff Smith |
Regina Carter |
The future of jazz violin appears to be in very good hands.
Enjoy the music!
I'll put in a word for Ray Nance, who played violin and trumpet for Ellington. (And sang: I love his buoyant vocal on "Tulip or Turnip" from 1946.) His violin playing was less energetic than that of Stuff Smith, whom he greatly admired. A 1963 album, Duke Ellington's Jazz Violin Session, puts Nance alongside Stephane Grappelli and (on viola) Svend Asmussen. Sam Woodyard is on drums, Ernie Shepard on bass. Billy Strayhorn joins in on a couple of tracks. It's a fine album. I have the 1972 reissue on Atlantic.
ReplyDeleteTom, I really enjoy your posts.
Hi, Mark,
DeleteThanks for your kind note and the tip about Ray Nance. I only remembered Nance for playing the famous trumpet solo on "Take the 'A' Train." I didn't know that he also played violin (and sang). I will definitely check out "Ellington's Jazz Violin Session" and some of Nance's other violin work.
Regards, Tom